Dystopian Society in Never Let Me Go Essay - 1483 Words

What if we found a cure for cancer? Diabetes? Even death? What would we willing to sacrifice for these medical miracles? Modern medicine has recently come made advances in the area of human cloning. Being able to successfully clone humans would solve many of our current medical problems and increase our life expectancy exponentially. Medically clones would be a solution to almost every problem we currently face. Morally however, the use of clones as medical supplies poses it’s own difficulties. Kazou Ishiguro’s novel Never Let Me Go explores the ethical boundaries of creating an entire race of humans who’s only purpose it to supply organs. Beneath its straightforward plot line Kazuo Ishiguro’s novel Never Let Me Go is an understated†¦show more content†¦The children are raised by guardians and treated as normal children. All their needs are attended to and the children are unknowingly spoiled. Hailsham is a perfect atmosphere for children to be ra ised, and the students believe their lives are perfect. Their knowledge of the outside world is minimal. Guardians only teach them enough to survive the two-three years they must fend for themselves living in the Cottages. The students are told horror stories of the world outside Hailsham. The students are constantly praised and told they are special. They do not know they are being raised to give away their organs. The students feel that their lives are perfect based on the knowledge they have of the outside. As Kathy says to her friends while at Hailsham â€Å"Children out there don’t have enough to eat or even beds to sleep in, so hush Ruth we’re the lucky ones†(Ishiguro 27). The students are brought up with an almost spoiled entitlement. The truth was kept from the children by extreme means. Those who visited Hailsham from the outside world were not allowed to speak about the outside world. One guardian Miss Lucy attempted to tell the students the reality of their futures. Most were too blinded by the lessons they had been taught as children to understand their fate. However, as Ms. Emily spoke more bluntly they began to understand and ear their futures. She was fired shortly after this and they did not speak of herShow MoreRelatedHistory and culture of Never Let Me Go Essay examples1314 Words   |  6 PagesKazuo Ishiguros novel Never Let me Go uses a dystopian fantasy world to illustrate the authors view that our real world practice of eugenics is as equally immoral and degrading as the world he describes. The eugenic-soaked world of Never Let me Go is dystopian, and our real world, with its quiet adoption of soft eugenics, is equally dystopian. Ishiguros point is that utopia can never be attained in either realm if it contains the contagion of eugenics. By depicting unfair struggles that eugenicsRead MoreDystopian Heroes1106 Words   |  5 PagesDystopian Heroes A dystopian society mainly asks one question and that is, â€Å"What if?† Typically, their government, beliefs, and way of life are different from what we would find normal. All the literary works demonstrate a society unlike ours including: To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee, Brave New World by Aldous Huxley, â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson, â€Å"Harrison Bergeron† by Harrison Vonnegut, â€Å"The Pedestrian† by Ray Bradbury, Anthem by Ayn Rand, 1984 by George Orwell, and Life As We Knew ItRead MoreIs The Giver A Dystopian Society827 Words   |  4 Pagesdeep affection. As I began to think, is the giver a dystopian or utopian society, I immediately jumped to the conclusion. The giver is obviously a dystopian society, they have absolutely no rights whatsoever. But then I began to think, how I was going to fight for it. This was a bit more of a challenge to answer, because this community really shows all the characteristics of a utopian society. However, my heart really tells me that I could never fight for something that is 100% against any value IRead MoreEssay of Dystopian Societies #21154 Words   |  5 PagesDystopian Societies Human vegetables, all controlled by the eights of their technology, all unaware of the real problems around them; a dystopian society. Farhenheit 451 and The Island, two stories that share this wretched theme. But both stories each have a character that questions it all. They both go against what others say. They followed what their hearts had to say, and thought for themselves. With no literature for Guy Montag in Farhenheit 451 and the longing for freedom for Lincoln 6-EcoRead MoreThe Giver, The Maze Runner, And The Hunger Games1147 Words   |  5 Pagesjust to survive and feel normal in the predetermined society. This specific society is often referred to as a dystopian society; A society characterized by human misery, the idea of perfection, oppression, disease, and overcrowding. The dystopian government of fiction find basis in reality with the use of corporate and bureaucratic control in the novels The Giver, The Maze Runner, and The Hunger Games. One notable example of dystopian society is the well written and intriguing novel The Giver byRead MoreAnalysis Of Kazuo Ishiguros Never Let Me Go1090 Words   |  5 PagesIshiguro’s novel, Never Let Me Go, both Hailsham and the students’ effort to create a group identity functions as a way to keep the population docile. While humane living conditions at Hailsham keep the students complaint, group identity and both romantic and sexual relationships among the students reinforce this. Conformity and passivity are taught at Hailsham, which unconsciously becomes societal standards among the students throughout their lives. Essentially, Ishiguro’s dystopian framework revealsRead MoreReflection Of Fahrenheit 451766 Words   |  4 PagesFahrenheit 451, written by Ray Bradbury, is a unique book that takes place in a dystopian future in which Guy Montag’s life has turned utterly upside down. His peculiar neighbor named Clarisse, who narrated his stories about th e peaceful past which opened his eyes to a twisted present where people pay more attention to TV Families and not their actual families. Where people continue their senseless, ignorant lives blind to the fact that men like Montag who burn history to ashes, jail readers andRead MoreThe Controversy Concerning The Ethics Of Human Cloning1008 Words   |  5 Pagesreceive the same rights as humans who were born ‘naturally’. But how do you determine humanity? The film Never Let Me Go (2010), based on Kazuo Ishiguro’s novel of the same name, helps answer the question â€Å"Should we clone?† by establishing that humanity is more than the way one enters the world and by highlighting the unethical issues that may arise from cloning. Never Let Me Go illustrates the humanity of the cloned characters - Kathy, Tommy, and Ruth - as they attempt to determineRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Clockwork Orange 1517 Words   |  7 Pagesalso probably Kubrick’s most faithful adaptation. This may be because a screenplay was never actually written. Instead, Kubrick worked it out as he went along, working directly from the book as he did. The thing about Kubrick that drew me to want to explore this movie so just how bizarre and deprived it is, but yet the all of its wild and crazy parts are able to come together to create one beautiful unique dystopian future. The reason is the attention to detail, he was meticulous to a tee and that attentionRead MoreAnalysis Of Dystopian World 993 Words   |  4 PagesThe lack of emotion in society has had several effects on not only relationships between the individuals, but also effects the way individuals see their life. The dystopian world includes an increase in violence, a lac k of empathy, and a disregard to nature. Mainly because the characters are unable to recognize their own feelings let alone recognize other peoples. We see that the society as a whole has lost their sense of humanity when Montag describes a scene in which he is being chased by a robotic

Condemned Freedom Sartre - 1417 Words

When discussing the Vietnam War and his choice to be involved in discussing international politics Sartre said, â€Å"No matter what I write. I am always in contradiction with myself and with society. That is what being an intellectual means† (M. I. Kindred). The following essay will explain how a contradiction of himself weakens one of the philosopher’s most famous quotes. In examining Sartre’s idea of humans being â€Å"condemned to be free,† there will be logical faults. There will be contradictions with this concept from Sartre’s life. There will also be dissenting beliefs from other Existentialists. Sartre believed that by stating that we are condemned to be free he was expressing the Existentialist emphasis found on human freedom, in reality†¦show more content†¦This shows that Sartre followed a particular political ideal and chose to leave after feeling that his relationship with the political party no longer benefited him. There sho uld be an examination focusing on if joining a group or political party does actually mean one is refusing to choose, as we saw in Sartre’s own life the choice to join and leave an organization are always readily available to the participating person. Focusing on a specific example we can see that our choices to join organizations (though we may let these organizations affect our choices and temporary freedoms) may help us define our essence. A college student decides one day they want to be a member of a club. The student who is a pre-med major decides they will best enjoy joining a club focused on medicine so the student joins the future medical professionals club. This student was not defined as a pre-med major because they joined the future medical professional clubs. They instead have chosen to give up certain freedoms (time required to attend meetings or a specific dress code expected at the clubs events) in exchange for furthering their own goals. Is this not a core co ncept of Existentialist philosophy? Making choices to define your essence. The student wants to be a medical professional so they make a choice to be a member of an organization they believe will aid them in this endeavor. Sartre would argue against such behavior, heShow MoreRelatedJean-Paul Sartre’s Philosophy: Radical Freedom and Responsibility 1253 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"We are left alone, without excuse. This is what I mean when I say that man is condemned to be free† (Sartre 32). Radical freedom and responsibility is the central notion of Jean-Paul Sartre’s philosophy. However, Sartre himself raises objections about his philosophy, but he overcomes these obvious objections. In this paper I will argue that man creates their own essence through their choices and that our values and choices are important because they allow man to be free and create their own existenceRead MoreJean Paul Sartre : Philosophy And The Existence Of God1516 Words   |  7 Pa gesJean-Paul Sartre was an influential 20th century existentialist who mostly acquired information on the study of consciousness and the study of being. Sartre spent many years studying philosophy and the existence of God mostly studying the works of Edmund Husserl and Martin Heidegger. He became a Professor of Philosophy at Le Havre in 1931 and then began teaching at Lycà ©e Pasteur in Paris from 1937 to 1939. During his career, Sartre wrote about many philosophical theories, some notable books includeRead MoreThe Theory Of Free Will And Determinism1310 Words   |  6 Pagesquestioned life in repose of if they are free, why and because. The question of whether there is a clash between causal necessity and human freedom was taken up by many philosophers put their own spin on the idea. Through this short text we will discuss the own theories of Hobbes, Laplace, Sartre, and Freud. The English philosopher Thomas Hobbes provides the text of Freedom to Do What We Want, where he states his belief in the idea of free will, which is that we will are own person to be free. This philosopherRead MoreExistentialism : Existentialism And Existentialism951 Words   |  4 Pages In Existentialism is a Humanism, Sartre defines existentialism and explains his belief of â€Å"existence before essence.† He says that human beings don’t have a pre-established purpose or something that we have to be. He goes in more detail by saying, â€Å"†¦ man first of all exists, encounters himself, surges up in the world – and defines himself afterwards. If man as the existentialist sees him is not definable, it is because to begin with he is nothing. He will not be anything until later, and then heRead MoreSummary : The Respectful Prostitute 911 Words   |  4 Pagesblack young man of only 17 years. It then highlights the many outcries throughout the city, as well as other areas of the country where there have been similar incidents. All pointing to, and claiming systematic racism. In The Respectful Prostitute, Sartre highlights the issue of systematic racism. The play takes place in the apartment of the main character, Lizzie. While on a train relocating from the North, Lizzie is witness to the killing of a black man by Thomas, who she will later realize is aRead MoreSartre s Theory Of The Radical Freedom Essay1685 Words   |  7 PagesSartre’s theory of the ‘radical freedom’ of consciousness Jean-Paul Sartre in his book ‘Being and Nothingness’ provided us with a new interpretation of freedom consistent with his famous account on existentialism. This is the view that existence precedes its essence: â€Å"In a word, man must create his own essence: it is in throwing himself into the world, suffering there, struggling there, that he gradually defines himself† (Sartre, 1943), (Onof, 2016). Here, Sartre stated that humans are completelyRead MoreExistentialism : A Philosophical Movement907 Words   |  4 PagesExistentialists have differing evaluations of the human condition but all of them believe that â€Å"existence precedes essence†. This means that people are born without pre-existing or pre-determined circumstances or rules by which to conduct their lives. Sartre was an atheist and therefore didn’t believe in the morals set forth by the divine creator God. People come into the world lacking essence, and simply exist and can make choices to determine their essence. All existentialists reject systems which proposeRead MoreWhat I Believe Sartre?918 Words   |  4 Pagesbelieve Sartre means in his lecture, where he quotes â€Å"We are condemned to be free., Man is nothing else but what he makes of himself. I will discuss in further details, what I believe he means when he speaks of freedom and its burden. What does freedom mean for individuals and living an authentic life? Why might God be an obstacle to radical freedom and why I consider myself as free as Sartre speaks of? Sartre speaks of this freedom that we all humans have, he says that we are condemned to be freeRead MoreExistentialism1408 Words   |  6 Pagesexistentialism, which has been postulated by Sartre among others. The other proponents of existentialism include Nietzsche, Kierkegaard, martin Buber, Martin Heidegger and Martin Buber. The weakness and strengths of existentialism are going to be discussed in this essay. The main facets of existentialism that are going to be discussed include the following: authenticity, existence precedes essence, being and nothingness, being-in-itself, being-for-itself and man being condemned to be free. The basic issues discussedRead MoreCritically Assess the Claim That People Are Free to Make Moral Decisions972 Words   |  4 Pageswe are important.† Jean-Paul Sartre was a great believer in this: that everything depends on the individual and the meaning he gives to his life. He argued that all physical objects have an essence that determines how the object behaves. This essence determines exactly how the object behaves at every moment; there is no room for freedom. Humans do not have an essence, our existence precedes our essence. The fact that we have no essence gives us our free will. Sartre wrote in his work Being and Nothingness

Audit Assurance and Compliance of Luxury Travel Holidays Company

Questions: 1.For each situation, identify and evaluate any threats in relation to auditor independence? 2.Identify any safeguards to those threats identified above? 3.In relation to the purchasing of equipment and spare parts, describe two business risks to MSL that Crampton and Hasaad will consider in planning the 2015 audit? 4.For each business risk identified in describe a specific audit risk that could arise. Each responses should include the identification of account balances that are impacted directly by the audit risk ? Answers: 1. As rightly indicated by Duncan and Whittington (2014), independence of auditors refers to independence of both internal as well as external assessors from diverse parties who might perhaps have certain kind of financial interest in the business that is under assessment. Homb et al. (2014) opined that the independence of internal assessors indicates towards independence from different parties who might perhaps be affected by the consequences of the assessment. Again, independence of external auditor refers towards independence of the assessors from essentially the parties who have specific interests in the results issued in financial reports of the particular business entity. In itself, the assessors need to comply with different generally accepted notions diligently with certain objectives in mind and try to maintain honesty, integrity, and objectivity and try to present a true as well as a fair opinions. Threats encountered Services offered by the auditors that is outside the purview of audit can be regarded as non-audit service. Nevertheless, the non-audit service might perhaps consist of diverse management service, advices related to tax management of the firm, suggestions for boosting the business. These non-audit services are offered against certain payments are essentially additional earnings or else any type of non-economic advantages (Ege 2014). Therefore, the deliverance of these kinds of non-audit service might lead to damage of individuality of the auditor. By itself, another important issue of audit is the maintenance of quality of assessment as audit procedures are often critiqued by different stakeholders along with regulators. In addition to this, one of the superlative threats to particularly the independence of the auditor is necessarily the threat of advocacy that happens at the time when the auditor boosts the clients business and presents opinions in a way that might question the obje ctivity of the process. Situation 2 In essence, independence of auditors are threatened in varied cases where the assessor otherwise the audit firm acquires any kind of monetary as well as non-monetary additional advantage outside the fees that is decided for the audit work (Warren 2014). Nevertheless, this threat might possibly stem from availing any additional advantages that is not within the audit engagement agreement. Situation 3: Spouse of the assessors, dependent or else independent children, parents as well as siblings can be considered to be close family members. By itself, financial concerns consists of assurance for debt, diverse short as well as long term securities possessed by different individuals, along with different other individuals otherwise though different in-between related entities (Lenz and Hahn 2015). Particularly, as per the given case study, the father of the proposed accountant is the financial controller of the particular client. Thus, if Michael provides consent regarding taking up the offer or agree to be a part of the particular audit team, then it can certainly harm the independency of the assessor. Situation 4: There certainly arises the risk of particular influence when there exists close relationships of the assessor with clients, employees or else directors of the company (Vinnari and Skrbk 2014). Specifically, in such kind of situation, the auditor might get attached and get sympathetic towards the personal relationship with the clientele. Personal relationship with the clients also leads to undue faith with the particular client and might possibly lead to inappropriate representation. Again, there remains possibility that the representation by the auditor might get affected since the assessor remains aware of different information of the client as she has worked with LTH previously that is a month ago. Moreover, she was also carrying out different services that is related to tax enumeration and arrangement as well as preparation of important accounting entries as on the period 30th June during 2015. Fundamentally, the auditor is also not supposed to carry out evaluation of their own wo rk. 2. Process of prevention to diverse threats to audit As correctly indicated by, there are diverse measures that can be followed for maintenance of independency of the assessors. Some of processes are hereby mentioned below: Rotation of different partners of audit as rightly indicated by Lenz and Hahn (2015) rotational scheme of different partners of audit helps in removal of familiarity risk along with self-benefit. In turn, this can assist in upholding objectivity without incurring substantial amount of cost. Institution of effective committee for audit Institution of efficient committee for audit be is an important tool for maintaining independency of assessor (Brawley et al. 2015). Maintenance of Global consistency along with requirement for independency of assessor as correctly indicated by Brawley et al. (2015),independency of audit can be necessarily strengthened by application of vigorous over and above strong ethical principles namely, Auditing standards, regulations, directives along with ethical codes of practice. Oversight of definite independent appraiser An appraiser, who is certainly independent possesses the quality to control, standardise and contribute considerably towards maintenance of audit quality along with independence (Warren 2014). 3. Analytical evaluation of risks involved with different spare parts inventory Management of risk can be reflected to be a crucial component of management of predominantly spare-parts inventory. In this connection, it can be mentioned that majority of business units consider the fact that there exists diverse facets of risk management. Ege (2014) opines that these facets assist in risk evaluation and supposition of vital steps for alleviation of risks in different business firms. Nonetheless, this investigation are basically delimited to different reputational risk, risk linked to safety along with health as well as different commercial risk (Homb et al. 2014). Other than this, there also might possibly be different downtime risk that can lead to financial loss. Essentially, majority of business units do not really take into account procedure of implementation of technologies related to management of risk of specific spare parts. However, there are two diverse risk that can be associated to purchasing of spare parts along with equipment. The risks that principa lly Cramption and Hasad have the necessity to consider at the time of planning the audit are operational along with strategic risk. As rightly indicated by Winer et al. (2015), Strategic risk can be associated to inventory management of precise spare parts and this risk basically orients around the process a company can handle the stock of diverse spare parts. Administrations of business units might choose to essentially be ad-hoc. In turn, this reflects the fact that spending on different items such as purchase of items, use of no policy that are basically formal and require knowledgeable managers to deliver judgement on diverse procedural features. Nevertheless, operational risk is basically not that type of risk that can be associated to specifically operational downtime. Essentially, operational risk can be observed as a risk that can be linked to the way a particular method can be executed. Majority of business concerns develop policies for strategic management aptly, but administration of the corporation find it hard to execute the policy effectively (Duncan and Whittington 2014). For instance, businesses might perhaps execute a specific policy for arriving at conclusions associated to standardization. Businesses that cannot properly handle operational risk by appropriate application of different approaches encounter difficulties in inventory management. 4. Diverse categories of audit risk and influence of the risks on account balance Ricchiute (2011) opines that risk that can be associated to particularly strategic risk is basically inherent risk that arises due to material misstatements, errors or else omission in different financial pronouncements. This risks thus arises as a result of different factors other than essentially control factors. However, the inherent risk occurs essentially owing to material misstatement risk in different financial announcements. Necessarily this risk arises when the transaction nature of business is complicated. Different business circumstances have the need for superior process of judgement for different financial projections as well as estimates. Thus, lack of superior judgement can lead to inherent risk. Fundamentally, inherent risk affects inventory account balance along with account of receivables of a firm. However, inherent risk also exerts varied influence on different accounting balances depending upon categories of trade of a business. Also, risks that can related to operational risk are the detection risk. Nevertheless, in detection risk there is a possibility that the auditor might perhaps fail to detect material misstatement in financial declarations of corporation using substantive test procedures (Christensen et al. 2012). Nevertheless, detection risk are predictable when appraiser does not implement correct measures and when procedures are not appropriately used. Moreover, detection risk influences specific accounting balance and this is not always appraised by the assessor. Nevertheless, this can also influence accounting balance and the specific amount that can be related to business transaction. Principally, the accounts that are prone to be affected by diverse categories of risks are account for purchase, account for revenue, inventory as well as sales account. References Brawley, S., Clark, J., Dixon, C., Ford, L., Nielsen, E., Ross, S. and Upton, S., 2015. History on trial: Evaluating learning outcomes through audit and accreditation in a national standards environment.Teaching and Learning Inquiry: The ISSOTL Journal,3(2), pp.89-105. Christensen, B.E., Glover, S.M. and Wood, D.A., 2012. Extreme estimation uncertainty in fair value estimates: Implications for audit assurance.Auditing: A Journal of Practice Theory,31(1), pp.127-146. Duncan, B. and Whittington, M., 2014, September. Compliance with standards, assurance and audit: does this equal security?. InProceedings of the 7th International Conference on Security of Information and Networks(p. 77). ACM. Ege, M.S., 2014. Does internal audit function quality deter management misconduct?.The Accounting Review,90(2), pp.495-527. Homb, N.M., Sheybani, S., Derby, D. and Wood, K., 2014. Audit and feedback intervention: An examination of differences in chiropractic record-keeping compliance.Journal of Chiropractic Education,28(2), pp.123-129. Lenz, R. and Hahn, U., 2015. A synthesis of empirical internal audit effectiveness literature pointing to new research opportunities.Managerial Auditing Journal,30(1), pp.5-33. Ricchiute, D.N., 2011.Auditing and assurance services. South Western Educational Publishing. Vinnari, E. and Skrbk, P., 2014. The uncertainties of risk management: A field study on risk management internal audit practices in a Finnish municipality.Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal,27(3), pp.489-526. Warren, P.D., 2014. Closing the gaps in third-party risk management: internal audit can add value by assessing risk around the organization's business relationships.Internal Auditor,71(1), pp.37-42. Winer, R.A., Bennett, E., Murillo, I., Schuetz-Mueller, J. and Katz, C.L., 2015. Monitoring Compliance to Promote Quality Assurance: Development of a Mental Health Clinical Chart Audit Tool in Belize, 2013.Psychiatric Quarterly,86(3), pp.373-379.

Vicarious Liability In The Agency Context †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theVicarious Liability In The Agency Context. Answer: Issue An advice is furnished to the CEO of Golf Club Resort (company) whether the company is required to pay the bill to Willow Landscaping? Law The relationship of an employer-employee or master-servant is very crucial mainly because it decides whether the employer or the master can be held accountable for the actions of his employee or servant. In (NMFM Property Pty Ltd v Citibank Ltd (No 10)[1], thelaw of agency is defined and it is held by the court that when two people are in the relationship of principal/master/employer and agent/servant/employee and such employee is acting on the directions and under the control of the employer then any liability arising from such an action will fall upon the principal[2]. Thelaw of agency is based on the concept of vicarious liability wherein the employer is accountable for his employees actions Scott v Davis[3]. The only requirement to make the employer liable is that the employee is totally functioning within the powers that are delegated to him. Thus, to make a person an agent of the principal, the main requirements are:[4] The employee is within the services of the employer; The actions of the employee is directed and guided by the employer; The actions which are carried out by the employee are delegated to him by the employer. Now, the employer can gave power to his employee by three means. The same are:[5] Actual express authority An actual express authority is a kind of delegation wherein the principal intentionally conveys powers to his employees so that the employee can carry out work on his behalf. This kind of delegation is possible when the principal either by way of agreement or by actions or verbally grants authority to the agent[6]. Actual implied authority An actual implied authority is the authority for which the principal does not have to make any actual efforts. But, when any tasks are allotted to the agent then the power that is coupled with such tasks so that the agent can perform such tasks adequately is an implied authority. For example, to take decisions when the principal cannot be reach at and the decisions is for the benefit of the principal, to act for the best interest of the principal etc[7]. Ostensible authority The ostensible authority is the third kind of authority wherein the power to take actions on behalf of the principal is not carried out under the any actual or implied authority, but, this authority is gained by the agent because of a representation that is made by the principal. When the principal makes a depiction in front of an outsider to make an outsider believe that a specific person is the authorized representative of the principal then an ostensible authority is granted to such agent. When an outsider under such pretext of ostensible authority enters into a contract with the agent, then, the principal cannot deny the authority on the part of the agent and is bound by the transactions that are entered[8]. However, if the outsider is aware of the defect in the authority, then, he cannot bound the principal by the actions of the agent. The abovelaw is now applied to the facts of the case. Application Noora Norra Golf Club Resort is owned by Gabba Pty Ltd (company). Ricardo is working for the company. Recently there is financial crunch so the Chief Executive officer of the company has directed Ricardo that he is only authorized to enter into contract on the company behalf provided the value of the contract should not exceed $ 10,000. The situation reveal that the Chief Executive Officer has by words of mouth has given a power to Ricardo that he can make contracts but has limited this power only to the extent of $ 10,000. Thus, an actual express authority is given to Ricardo. But, Ricardo violated his actual express authority and without telling the chief Executive Officer, he makes a contract with an outsider, Willow Landscaping, who has no idea that the authority of Ricardo to enter into contracts is limited to $ 10,000. Now, Ricardo makes a landscaping contract with Willow Landscaping for an amount of $ 13,000 along with extra cost of $ 4,000 which makes the total cost of the project at $ 17,000. Ricardo is not authorized to enter into contracts of such amounts. When the Chief Executive Officer asks about the project, Ricardo only tells him about the project and makes no mention to the extra cost. The Chief Executive Officer gave his approval and tells Willow Landscaping that it can take the project forward with Ricardo. Thus, by stating this information to Willow Landscaping, the Chief Executive Officer has actually given an apparent authority to Ricardo. Thus, Ricardo is now authorized to make a contract with Willow Landscaping which is approved by the Officer on behalf of the company. Conclusion Thus, the contract made by Ricardo with Willow Landscaping is binding in nature and is enforceable in law. Issue An advice is furnished to Aspirational Developments regarding Jeremy's conduct? Law As already submitted the relationship of an employer-employee or master-servant is very crucial mainly because it decides whether the employer or the master can be held accountable for the actions of his employee or servant. However, it is not always that the master is accountable for the actions of his servant. The servant is also under a scrutiny to conduct his actions in such manner so that he does not bring any disadvantage to his master. So there are several duties that are imposed on a servant[9]. A servant or an agent should act like a trustworthily person and makes sure that no actions should be carried out by him which results in conflicting interest. If the interest conflicts then the interest of the master must proceed the interest of the servant[10]. An agent must make sure that the confidential information received by him during the tenure of his service should not be given to any third party unless his principal has approved of the same[11]. If the agent in order to bring gain to himself makes profits of secret nature then it is his duty to pay back such profits to his master[12]. His acts must be such which are carried out with honesty, trustworthiness, diligence and care. He must act as per the wishes of his master. If these duties are not fulfilled by the agent then he must face consequences for the same. Application It is submitted that Jeremy is the estate agent of Aspirational Developments Pty Ltd and is selling high-rise units. He recently through one of his friends got the news that the other competitor is into difficulties and thus the units he is selling can be sold at higher cost. So, he secretly arrange funds and bought three units which he later sold and earn profits. It is submitted that these actions of Jeremy is in violation of his fiduciary duty, he also made secret profits which is not permitted. Also, there is conflict of interest and he preferred his own interest to be superior of the company. Further, he discloses the confidential information of the company for small payment and thus is in breach of is duty to not to disclose secret information of the company. Conclusion Thus, Jeremy is on violation of several of his duties and thus must compensate the company. Bibliography Books/articles/Journals Adams, Michael. Essential Corporate Law: Second Edition. Cavendish Australia, 2002. Hassall, Douglas. "Dal Pont: Law of Agency." International Trade and Business Law Review 429, 2003. Krawitz, Alan. "Protecting Outsiders to Corporate Contracts in Australia." Murdoch University Electronic Journal of Law, Volume 9, Number 3 (September 2002), 2002. Mccarthy, Luke. "Vicarious Liability In The Agency Context." Vol 4 No 2 (QUTLJJ), 2004. Case laws FreemanandLockyer v Buckhurst Park Properties(Mangal)Ltd[1964] 2 QB 480. Hely-Hutchinson v Brayhead Ltd.Hely-Hutchinson v Brayhead Ltd[1967] 1 QB 549. Industrial Development Consultants Ltd v Cooley[1972] 1 WLR 443. NMFM Property Pty Ltd v Citibank Ltd(No 10) (2000) 107 FCR 270. Re Smith and Fawcett Ltd. [1942] Ch 304. Regal(Hastings)Ltd v Gulliver.Regal(Hastings)Ltd v Gulliver[1942] UKHL 1. Scott v Davis[2000] HCA 52. Union Bank of Australia Ltd vAlbert ErnestRudder[1911] HCA 39.